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Back to sign up form. In the same year, the Eurotunnel Group was established to execute the project. The engineering, construction, procurement and project management services contract was awarded to Bechtel. A total of 11 tunnel boring machines, each weighing approximately t, were used to dig the tunnels. Following official inauguration in May , first commercial services through the tunnel started in June The tunnel below the Strait of Dover consists of two rail tunnels and one service tunnel, each 50km in length.
The two rail tunnels have a diameter of 7. The service tunnel, with a diameter of 4. The multifunctional service tunnel is used in case of emergencies and enables personnel to quickly reach the scene of an accident.
Each rail tunnel contains a single track, overhead catenary and two walkways, which are used for emergency evacuation. The overhead catenary provides traction power to the trains.
An undersea crossover is also provided in each tunnel, enabling trains to pass from one tunnel to another during maintenance operations. Electricity is supplied to the trains, tunnels, lighting and drainage pumps by two MW substations on both sides of the tunnel. If one substation breaks down, the other can provide electricity to the entire system. The high, medium and low voltage supply requirements of the tunnel are met by secondary substations. Two terminals, at Coquelles and Folkestone, connect the rail system to other road and rail networks.
Each electric locomotive is m-long and features three bogies with two motorised axles. Each shuttle operating in the tunnel is fitted with two locomotives on each side to complete the journey in case one of the locomotives breaks down. The stainless steel passenger shuttles consist of two parts — one to carry vehicles higher than 1. Six Breda-Fiat and nine Arbel type shuttles form the truck shuttles for the tunnel. The units also feature 30 wagons and each of them can carry a 44t truck.
The service locomotives include 24 rubber-tyre vehicles, which move on cast-in-place concrete. The service locomotives conduct maintenance operations. It allows access to maintenance and safety operations as well as, if necessary, for the evacuation of passengers.
Covering an area of hectare and km long perimeter, the Coquelles terminal, near Calais, is one of the largest land-travel complexes in Europe the equivalent in size to an international airport. As a result of the marshy nature of the soil, the whole area had to be covered with a cm thick layer of sand before construction could begin in order to ensure a good base for the foundations. As the Coquelles terminal size is by far bigger than the Folkestone terminal, it comprises the many maintenance buildings for the infrastructure and the rolling stock, including the F46, the longest railway mainteannce building in the world.
With its m long, it allows technicians to work on a complete Shuttle without having to disconnect and reform each section, a long and costly task. The Folkestone terminal, located at 8 km from the undersea tunnels at Shakespeare Cliff, covers a hectare area, i. Its construction required first to stabilise the site in order to prevent the sides of the adjacent escarpment from subsiding. The level of the whole site was then raised to level out the soil and eliminate steep slopes.
Both terminals are easily reached through their direct access to the motorway network in the UK M20 and in France A They both represent the loading and unloading points for vehicles travelling on Eurotunnel Shuttles. Access to the terminals is made through tolls, for passenger vehicles and for trucks. Once the self-check-in operations are done, customers get to the border controls, carried out by British and French police and customs.
All controls are carried out before departure in order to enable customers to continue their journey directly on the motorway network on the other side of the Channel. Passengers then have the opportunity to take a break at the Victor Hugo terminal in Folkestone or at the Charles Dickens terminal in Coquelles shops, restaurants, play area, etc or to drive towards the allocation areas before reaching the 12 platforms area, each 1-km long.
Vehicles can then load on board Le Shuttle for cars, coaches, camper-vans, caravans, motorcycles,.. There are several different areas on each terminal — passenger, freight, control centres, administration and maintenance buildings. On top of the many IT systems enabling vehicles to be recognised upon arrival at the self check-in tolls and the many screens linked to about a hundred cameras, the TCC have a direct view over the allocation lanes for vehicles.
There are two centres, one on each terminal, and each can take turns to take over control of the system. The RCC manages all rail traffic trains and shuttles on the Concession, i. The system is in two parts, the Rail Traffic Management RTM , which controls the rail traffic system, and the Engineering Management System EMS which controls the fixed equipment such as ventilation, lighting, power for the catenary.
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