By inserting a nasogastric tube, you are gaining access to the stomach and its contents. This enables you to drain gastric contents, decompress the stomach, obtain a specimen of the gastric contents, or introduce a passage into the GI tract.
This will allow you to treat gastric immobility, and bowel obstruction. In trauma settings, NG tubes can be used to aid in the prevention of vomiting and aspiration, as well as for assessment of GI bleeding. NG tubes can also be used for enteral feeding initially.
Twitter Facebook. This Issue. Other Articles. October 8, NOER, M. Access through your institution. Add or change institution.
Save Preferences. In these patients, for whom inpatient surgery is quite common, PONV is an important indicator of patient satisfaction [ 12 ]. In addition to psychological effects, PONV may lead to airway obstruction, aspiration pneumonia, subcutaneous emphysema, bleeding, opening and latency of healing in incisions, increase of intracranial pressure, dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, malnutrition due to insufficiency of oral intake, lengthening in hospitalization period, and increased costs [ 1 , 13 , 14 ].
In patients undergoing ENT surgery, it is reported that the reason of PONV is blood flow to the stomach during the intraoperative and postoperative periods and surgical procedures applied in intraoperative period [ 6 , 8 , 15 ]. Direct stimulation of the chemoreceptor trigger zone through mucosal damage and accompanying pharyngeal edema is also effective in PONV formation [ 6 , 8 , 15 ].
Another reason for PONV is that oropharynx and stomach chemoreceptors and mechanoreceptors are activated when the trigeminal nerve is stimulated [ 6 , 8 , 15 , 16 ]. The factors increasing PONV risk may include postoperative pain, anxiety, vertigo, early mobilization, early oral intake, and opioid analgesics [ 17 , 18 ]. Additionally, it has been stated that PONV risk associated with gastric distension may increase in patients where the air pressure increases over 25 cm H 2 O during ventilation with a mask [ 15 ].
Prophylactic and treatment-purpose use of antiemetics is the most common [ 6 , 18 , 19 ]; it is frequently applied by anesthesiologists in gastric decompression.
We are of the opinion that every anesthesiologist should apply GD to patients whether the patient is aware or not. The orogastric method is more easily, safely, and frequently used than the nasogastric method [ 8 ].
For this reason, we applied gastric decompression through the orogastric method in our study. We did not encounter any complications during or after application. Pasternak [ 20 ] reported that PONV and aspiration pneumonia risks can be eliminated by means of placing a gastric tube. However, in this study, it was stated that 35 patients had previous postoperative PONV histories and 21 patients had vertigo histories; these patients were not excluded from the study [ 15 ]. It was reported that in addition to the applied surgery type, use of opioids and nitrous oxide in anesthesia method also increases PONV incidence [ 3 , 5 , 15 , 17 ].
The incidence of PONV was higher after middle ear surgery than tonsillectomy and the others [ 22 , 23 ]. Our samples had been small heterogeneous surgery type about PONV incidence. Unfortunately it is the most limitation of recent study.
Jones et al. It was also stated that there is no correlation between gastric evacuation and PONV. Hovorka et al. Burlacu et al. It is observed that the number of studies on this subject is low and there is no clear result on the effectiveness of GD.
However, it should be noted that the more stomach content we aspire, the more frequently and severely PONV occurs. The number of studies pertaining to GD use should be increased in different surgeries, in different patient groups, and in different times and even in cases where risk factors are present.
Since it is cheap and easily applicable, does not require special skills, and has a low complication rate, it can be preferred in adult ENT patients as an alternative for pharmacological treatment methods used today.
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Article of the Year Award: Outstanding research contributions of , as selected by our Chief Editors. Read the winning articles. Journal overview. Special Issues. Salih Sevdi, 1 A. Academic Editor: Charles Monroe Myer.
Received 10 Jan Revised 10 Mar Accepted 11 Mar Published 02 Apr Abstract There is a passive blood flow to the stomach during oral and nasal surgery. Introduction Postoperative nausea and vomiting PONV may develop due to risk factors associated with surgery as well as characteristics of patients [ 1 ].
Table 1. Table 2. The number and ratio of patients demonstrating PONV in postoperative 2nd, 4th, 8th, and 24th hours,. Table 3. Table 4. References D.
0コメント