PCP A dissociative drug developed as an intravenous anesthetic that has been discontinued due to serious adverse effects. PCP is an abbreviation of the scientific name, phencyclidine. Low doses: slight increase in breathing rate; increased blood pressure and heart rate; shallow breathing; face redness and sweating; numbness of the hands or feet; problems with movement.
High doses: nausea; vomiting; flicking up and down of the eyes; drooling; loss of balance; dizziness; violence; seizures, coma, and death. Long-term Memory loss, problems with speech and thinking, loss of appetite, anxiety. In Combination with Alcohol Unknown.
Withdrawal Symptoms Headaches, increased appetite, sleepiness, depression. Prescription Opioids Pain relievers with an origin similar to that of heroin. Opioids can cause euphoria and are often used nonmedically, leading to overdose deaths. Long-term Increased risk of overdose or addiction if misused.
Other Health-related Issues Pregnancy: Miscarriage, low birth weight, neonatal abstinence syndrome. Older adults: higher risk of accidental misuse because many older adults have multiple prescriptions, increasing the risk of drug-drug interactions, and breakdown of drugs slows with age; also, many older adults are treated with prescription medications for pain.
Prescription Stimulants Medications that increase alertness, attention, energy, blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing rate. Psilocybin A hallucinogen in certain types of mushrooms that grow in parts of South America, Mexico, and the United States.
Rohypnol has been used to commit sexual assaults because of its strong sedation effects. Salvia A dissociative drug Salvia divinorum that is an herb in the mint family native to southern Mexico. Steroids Anabolic Man-made substances used to treat conditions caused by low levels of steroid hormones in the body and misused to enhance athletic and sexual performance and physical appearance. Synthetic Cannabinoids A wide variety of herbal mixtures containing man-made cannabinoid chemicals related to THC in marijuana but often much stronger and more dangerous.
For more information, see the Synthetic Cannabinoids DrugFacts. Synthetic Cathinones Bath Salts An emerging family of drugs containing one or more synthetic chemicals related to cathinone, a stimulant found naturally in the khat plant. Examples of such chemicals include mephedrone, methylone, and 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone MDPV. For more information, see the Synthetic Cathinones DrugFacts. Tobacco and Nicotine Tobacco is a plant grown for its leaves, which are dried and fermented before use.
Tobacco contains nicotine, an addictive chemical. Nicotine is sometimes extracted from the plant and is used in vaping devices. National Institutes of Health. Drug Topics. More Drug Topics. Quick Links. About NIDA. Commonly Used Drugs Charts. Expand All. August 20, Strong hallucinations including altered visual and auditory perceptions; increased heart rate and blood pressure; nausea; burning sensation in the stomach; tingling sensations and increased skin sensitivity.
Possible changes to the serotoninergic and immune systems, although more research is needed. It is not known whether ayahuasca is addictive. There are no FDA-approved medications to treat addiction to ayahuasca or other hallucinogens. More research is needed to find out if ayahuasca is addictive and, if so, whether behavioral therapies are effective. Drowsiness, slurred speech, poor concentration, confusion, dizziness, problems with movement and memory, lowered blood pressure, slowed breathing.
Sleep medications are sometimes used as date rape drugs. Must be discussed with a health care provider; barbiturate withdrawal can cause a serious abstinence syndrome that may even include seizures. There are no FDA-approved medications to treat addiction to prescription sedatives; lowering the dose over time must be done with the help of a health care provider.
More research is needed to find out if behavioral therapies can be used to treat addiction to prescription sedatives. Cocaine hydrochloride topical solution low dose anesthetic used in certain medical procedures. Narrowed blood vessels; enlarged pupils; increased body temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure; headache; abdominal pain and nausea; euphoria; increased energy, alertness; insomnia, restlessness; anxiety; erratic and violent behavior, panic attacks, paranoia, psychosis; heart rhythm problems, heart attack; stroke, seizure, coma.
Loss of sense of smell, nosebleeds, nasal damage and trouble swallowing from snorting; infection and death of bowel tissue from decreased blood flow; poor nutrition and weight loss; lung damage from smoking. Pregnancy: premature delivery, low birth weight , deficits in self-regulation and attention in school-aged children prenatally exposed.
Depression, tiredness, increased appetite, insomnia, vivid unpleasant dreams, slowed thinking and movement, restlessness.
Intense visual hallucinations, depersonalization, auditory distortions, and an altered perception of time and body image, usually peaking in about 30 minutes when drank as tea. Physical effects include hypertension, increased heart rate, agitation, seizures, dilated pupils. It is not known whether DMT is addictive. More research is needed to find out if DMT is addictive and, if so, whether behavioral therapies are effective. Euphoria, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, confusion, memory loss, unconsciousness, slowed heart rate and breathing, lower body temperature, seizures, coma, death.
Insomnia, anxiety, tremors, sweating, increased heart rate and blood pressure, psychotic thoughts. Collapsed veins; abscesses swollen tissue with pus ; infection of the lining and valves in the heart; constipation and stomach cramps; liver or kidney disease; pneumonia.
Pregnancy: miscarriage, low birth weight, neonatal abstinence syndrome. Restlessness, muscle and bone pain, insomnia, diarrhea, vomiting, cold flashes with goose bumps "cold turkey". Methadone Buprenorphine Naltrexone short- and long-acting forms. Various household products Amyl nitrite a prescription solution is used to relieve pain of angina attacks chest pain.
Paint thinners or removers, degreasers, dry-cleaning fluids, gasoline, lighter fluids, correction fluids, permanent markers, electronics cleaners and freeze sprays, glue, spray paint, hair or deodorant sprays, fabric protector sprays, aerosol computer cleaning products, vegetable oil sprays, butane lighters, propane tanks, whipped cream aerosol containers, refrigerant gases, ether, chloroform, halothane, nitrous oxide, prescription nitrites.
Nitrites: enlarged blood vessels, enhanced sexual pleasure, increased heart rate, brief sensation of heat and excitement, dizziness, headache. Liver and kidney damage; bone marrow damage; limb spasms due to nerve damage; brain damage from lack of oxygen that can cause problems with thinking, movement, vision, and hearing. Nitrites: increased risk of pneumonia. Pregnancy: low birth weight, bone problems, delayed behavioral development due to brain problems, altered metabolism and body composition.
More research is needed to find out if behavioral therapies can be used to treat inhalant addiction. When misused: Injected, snorted, smoked powder added to tobacco or marijuana cigarettes , swallowed Prescription formulas are injections or nasal sprays. Problems with attention, learning, and memory; dreamlike states, hallucinations; sedation; confusion; loss of memory; raised blood pressure; unconsciousness; dangerously slowed breathing. Sometimes used as a date rape drug.
There are no FDA-approved medications to treat addiction to ketamine or other dissociative drugs. More research is needed to find out if behavioral therapies can be used to treat addiction to dissociative drugs.
Euphoria, increased alertness and arousal, increased blood pressure and heart rate, depression, paranoia, headaches, loss of appetite, insomnia, fine tremors, loss of short-term memory. Gastrointestinal disorders such as constipation, ulcers, and stomach inflammation; and increased risk of heart attack. In rare cases associated with heavy use: psychotic reactions such as fear, anxiety, grandiose delusions fantastical beliefs that one has superior qualities such as fame, power, and wealth , hallucinations, and paranoia.
It is not known whether khat is addictive. There are no FDA-approved medications to treat addiction to khat. More research is needed to find out if khat is addictive and, if so, whether behavioral therapies are effective.
Nausea, dizziness, itching, sweating, dry mouth, constipation, increased urination, loss of appetite. Low doses: increased energy, sociability, alertness.
High doses: sedation, euphoria, decreased pain. Anorexia, weight loss, insomnia, skin darkening, dry mouth, frequent urination, constipation. Hallucinations with long-term use at high doses in some users. More research is needed to find out if behavioral therapies can be used to treat addiction to kratom.
Tablet; capsule; clear liquid; small, decorated squares of absorbent paper that liquid has been added to. Frightening flashbacks called Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder [HPPD] ; ongoing visual disturbances, disorganized thinking, paranoia, and mood swings. More research is needed to find out if behavioral therapies can be used to treat addiction to hallucinogens. THC vaping products mixed with the filler Vitamin E acetate and possibly other chemicals has led to serious lung illnesses and deaths.
Pregnancy: babies born with problems with attention, memory, and problem solving. Lowered inhibition; enhanced sensory perception; increased heart rate and blood pressure; muscle tension; nausea; faintness; chills or sweating; sharp rise in body temperature leading to kidney failure or death.
Long-lasting confusion, depression, problems with attention, memory, and sleep; increased anxiety, impulsiveness; less interest in sex.
Alcohol can increase plasma concentrations of MDMA, which may increase the risk of neurotoxic effects. There is conflicting evidence about whether MDMA is addictive. More research is needed to find out if behavioral therapies can be used to treat MDMA addiction. Recreational drugs are chemical substances taken for enjoyment, or leisure purposes, rather than for medical reasons. Alcohol, tobacco and caffeine can be classed as recreational drugs but are not covered in this leaflet.
Recreational drugs are usually started to provide pleasure, or improve life in some way. However, they can lead to addiction, to health and social problems and to crime. Most are illegal, so their use comes with all the consequences of breaking the law. If you, or someone you know, have a problem with drugs, there are lots of ways to obtain help.
Recreational drugs are chemical substances which are used for pleasure. There are many reasons people try recreational drugs. These include:. Medical cannabis is a contentious subject. Advocates claim it has a wide range of potential bene All drugs can have dangerous effects. Many can be unpredictable and variable. There are numerous problems which the use of drugs can cause. The government obtains reports on drug use in the UK every year.
These are published regularly. The latest statistics at the time of writing this leaflet are from Surveys showed that in around 15 in secondary school pupils had tried drugs at some point.
Currently these numbers are going down, ie fewer schoolchildren are trying drugs than in previous surveys. There were around , people who were problem drug users in the UK, which is around 9 out of every 1, people.
Around , people regularly injected drugs in the UK. The total number of deaths related to drug misuse in England and Wales was 2, in Find a range of services to suit you, from medication through to managed programs. In the UK, cannabis is the most commonly used recreational drug.
Cocaine is the second most used. Some of the more common recreational drugs are listed below, along with their nicknames, and approximate prices in However, for a complete list, visit the Frank website see below. The Misuse of Drugs Act was a law passed in in the UK to try to prevent the use of harmful drugs. It divides drugs into three categories - A, B or C, depending on how dangerous they are thought to be. Each of the categories then has different penalties for those convicted of use or supply.
Class A drugs are the most harmful. They include cocaine, heroin, ecstasy, LSD, methadone and magic mushrooms. The maximum penalty is seven years in prison plus a fine for possession, and life imprisonment plus a fine for supply. Class B drugs include amfetamines other than injectable types , cannabis, mephedrone, codeine and barbiturates.
The maximum penalty is five years in prison plus a fine for possession, and 14 years in prison plus a fine for supply. Class C drugs include anabolic steroids and minor tranquillisers.
The maximum penalty is two years in prison plus a fine for possession, and 14 years in prison plus a fine for supply. Many drugs have medical or scientific uses, so they are placed into one of five schedules by the Misuse of Drugs Regulations of These allow some drugs to be legally used in certain situations. Schedule 1 drugs are those which have no legitimate medical purpose.
These are strictly controlled and can only be used with a special Home Office licence. This category includes cannabis, ecstasy, LSD and raw opium. Schedule 2 drugs can be prescribed by doctors and they are legal to possess if they have been prescribed. These have to be looked after in a specific way by pharmacies. Schedule 3 drugs can also be prescribed legally.
They include groups of medicines called barbiturates and benzodiazepines , which make you sleepy. There are special rules guiding prescriptions. Schedule 4 drugs include most minor tranquillisers, and anabolic steroids. They are legal if you have a prescription for them. However, it is illegal to supply them to other people. Schedule 5 drugs are those which are unlikely to be abused. They do not necessarily need a prescription.
They are legal to possess but illegal to supply to another person. This includes certain cough medicines and mild painkillers. This refers to driving, trying to drive or being in charge of a vehicle while having a specified controlled drug in your body, above a specified limit. This came into effect in March Roadside drug screening devices use spit saliva to identify if the person driving or in control of the vehicle has taken a drug as listed above.
Following a positive result using saliva, you can then be asked to provide a blood sample for evidential purposes, to allow prosecution for the new offence if you are above the specified limit. You are not on your own. Lots of people have tried taking drugs and have needed help to stop.
If you find you are using a drug more and more often, this may be the start of becoming dependent on it. If you keep wishing you hadn't afterwards, or find you are running into trouble in other areas of your life, there are lots of ways to obtain help.
Think about why you are using the drugs and see if that helps you work out how to stop. For example:.
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