Synovial membrane. A tissue called the synovial membrane lines the joint and seals it into a joint capsule. The synovial membrane secretes a clear, sticky fluid synovial fluid around the joint to lubricate it.
Strong ligaments tough, elastic bands of connective tissue surround the joint to give support and limit the joint's movement. Ligaments connect bones together. Tendons another type of tough connective tissue on each side of a joint attach to muscles that control movement of the joint.
Tendons connect muscles to bones. Located between the femur of the leg and the tibia and fibula of the lower leg, the knee is the largest and most complicated hinge joint in the human body.
The knee has evolved to be incredibly strong and durable while maintaining the wide range of motion necessary for locomotion. This lack of reinforcement allows the knee to rotate slightly when flexed as well as enjoy a large degree of flexion. The meniscus, a pad of fibrocartilage between the femur and tibia, acts as a shock absorber to prevent collisions between the bones during high impact activities such as running and jumping.
By: Tim Taylor. Last Updated: Jul 3, Additional Resources Veterinary Technician. Stiff, painful joints are a hallmark of osteoarthritis. This stiffness develops when the protective cartilage that covers the bones in a joint breaks down, causing pain and swelling.
Although hinge joints are relatively stable, people can dislocate them. A dislocation occurs when a bone in the joint moves out of place. The most commonly dislocated hinge joints are those in the hands and feet. If a bone fracture also occurs, this is called a complex dislocation.
Injuries that affect the muscles, ligaments, or other tissues in the joint can cause pain and inflammation in this area of the body. Sporting injuries, especially those resulting from high impact activities, often affect hinge joints. Experts are predicting rising rates of arthritis in the United States due to an aging population.
It is important that people try to keep the joints healthy as they get older. Some people use natural supplements, such as glucosamine or chondroitin, for joint health. Glucosamine and chondroitin are both present in cartilage and synovial fluid. Some people believe that taking glucosamine and chondroitin supplements can help preserve cartilage in the joints that osteoarthritis has affected.
In a study , researchers analyzed the findings of different studies on the health benefits of glucosamine and chondroitin. They did not find convincing evidence that these supplements are an effective treatment for osteoarthritis. The National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health also report that the evidence to support the effectiveness of glucosamine and chondroitin is unclear.
Researchers need to conduct more studies to determine the effects of these supplements. There is no cure for osteoarthritis, but people can manage the condition using medication to slow down or prevent its progression. Medications can also relieve symptoms. Aerobic activity and strength training may help people with osteoarthritis who are dealing with pain and mobility issues.
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